The suspects planned to transport the nuclear material to China through Russia, the security service said on Saturday in a statement as quoted by Al Jazeera.
A video footage of the detention operation has been released.
Authorities accused a Chinese citizen already in Georgia who was in breach of visa regulations of bringing experts to Georgia to search for uranium throughout the country, the news channel reported.
Other members of the criminal group coordinated the operation from China, authorities told Al Jazeera.
The perpetrators were identified and detained while “negotiating the details of the illegal transaction”, the State Security Service said.
However, the service did not shares details about their identities.
Members of the group planned to pay $400,000 for the radioactive material, authorities told the news channel.
They can now face upto 10 years of imprisonment.